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Martindale abrasion tester Updated
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Gray scale
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Gray Scale
Gray Scale
The Gray Scale is a visual tool used in the textile and dyeing industry to evaluate and grade the color change or staining of a fabric after testing (e.g., washing, rubbing, and light exposure). It helps assess how much a fabric’s color has altered or transferred during durability or fastness tests.
Types of Gray Scale:
- Gray Scale for Color Change – Compares the original and tested sample to measure color fading or alteration.
- Gray Scale for Staining – Compares a white adjacent fabric (before and after testing) to assess color transfer or staining.
Rating System :
– Uses a 1 to 5 scale:
– Grade 5: No change or staining (excellent)
– Grade 1: Severe change or heavy staining (poor)
Intermediate grades (like 4–5, 3–4, etc.) are also used for finer evaluation.
Construction :- Each scale includes pairs of gray chips with varying contrast levels to visually match the test results.
Usage Areas:- Textile testing labs- Dyeing and finishing quality control- Standards like ISO, AATCC, and BIS tests
Benefits :
- Standardized Evaluation – Provides a consistent and objective way to assess color change or staining.
- Simple and Quick to Use – Enables rapid visual comparison during fabric testing.
- Widely Accepted – Complies with international standards (ISO, AATCC) for color fastness grading.
- Cost-Effective Tool – Inexpensive yet essential for reliable quality control in textiles.
- Enhances Quality Assurance – Helps detect dyeing or printing issues before bulk production.
- Supports Multiple Tests – Used for evaluating wash fastness, rubbing fastness, perspiration, light exposure, and more.
- Portable and Durable – Easy to carry and long-lasting with proper care.
Features :
- Dual Type Availability – Comes in two types: for Color Change and for Staining.
- 5-Point Grading System – Grades from 1 (poor) to 5 (excellent), with half-step intervals like 4–5, 3–4.
- Standardized Grey Chips – Includes contrasting grey color pairs to match fabric changes accurately.
- Compact Design – Small, portable card or booklet format for easy lab and field use.
- Durable Material – Made from stable, fade-resistant plastic or cardboard for long-term use.
- Compliance with Standards – Follows ISO 105-A02 (Color Change) and ISO 105-A03 (Staining) norms.
- Easy Visual Comparison – Designed for quick side-by-side assessment of fabric before and after testing.
How to Use :
Select the Right Gray Scale – Use Color Change scale to check fading, or staining scale to check color transfer.
- Place the Samples – Lay the untested (original) and tested fabric side by side (for color change)
– Or place the adjacent white fabric next to the gray scale (for staining).
- Match Against Gray Scale Chips – Visually compare the difference between the samples and find the closest matching gray pair on the scale.
- Assign a Grade
– Grade from 1 to 5, where:
– Grade 5 = no change/staining
– Grade 1 = severe change/staining
– Use half-grades like 4–5 if needed.
- Record the Result – Note the grade in your test report as per the test method (e.g., ISO 105).
- Store Properly – Keep the gray scale away from light and moisture to avoid fading.
- Features :
- Dual Type Availability – Comes in two types: for Color Change and for Staining.
- 5-Point Grading System – Grades from 1 (poor) to 5 (excellent), with half-step intervals like 4–5, 3–4.
- Standardized Grey Chips – Includes contrasting grey color pairs to match fabric changes accurately.
- Compact Design – Small, portable card or booklet format for easy lab and field use.
Categories:
- Gray Scale for Color Change – Used to evaluate the degree of color fading or change in a fabric after testing (e.g., washing, light exposure). – Assesses how much the original color has altered.
- Gray Scale for Staining – Used to assess the degree of color transfer from a dyed fabric to an adjacent white fabric during testing (e.g., rubbing, washing).
– Evaluates staining on undyed fabrics.
These two types are essential tools in color fastness testing across textile labs. Want to know which standard tests use each type?
Gray Scale
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- A sample is stretched to a predetermined extension or force.
- The stretch is maintained for a set period.
- After removing the load, the recovery (return to original length) is measured after a fixed time.
- The fabric sample is clamped and stretched to a specific length or force.
- It’s held for a fixed duration (e.g., 1–5 minutes).
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Hydraulic GSM Cutter
- High Cutting Precision - Ensures consistent and accurate fabric sample size for reliable GSM results.
- Effortless Operation- Hydraulic action reduces manual effort and operator fatigue.
- Ideal for Thick or Multi-Layer Fabrics - Cuts through dense or multiple fabric layers cleanly.
- Time-Saving - Speeds up the sample preparation process, especially for high-volume testing.
- Improves Test Accuracy - Uniform samples help eliminate errors in GSM calculation.
- Durable and Long-Lasting - Robust construction ensures stability and extended service life.
- Safety Enhancement - Reduces risk of injury compared to manual rotary cutters.
- Consistent Pressure Application - Hydraulic mechanism maintains steady force for each cut.
- Hydraulic Press Mechanism - Applies consistent and strong pressure for clean, even cuts.
- Standard Cutting Die (100 cm²) - Produces fabric samples suitable for GSM testing with standard area.
- Heavy-Duty Construction - Built with robust metal frame for long-term lab or industrial use.
- Sharp Stainless Steel Blades - Durable and replaceable blades ensure smooth, precise cuts.
- Cutting Pad Included - Comes with a rubber or nylon base to protect blades and ensure clean edges.
- Simple Lever or Button Operation - Easy to use with minimal training required.
- Non-slip Base - Provides stability during operation for safe, accurate cutting.
- Supports Various Fabric Types
- Place the Cutting Pad - Lay the rubber or nylon cutting pad on a flat surface.
- Position the Fabric - Place the fabric sample flat and smooth on the cutting pad.
- Align the Cutter - Position the GSM cutter die over the desired area of the fabric.
- Activate Hydraulic Press - Pull the lever or press the button to apply hydraulic pressure and cut the sample.
- Remove the Sample - Lift the cutter and carefully take out the circular fabric piece (usually 100 cm²).
- Weigh the Sample - Place the cut sample on a precision balance or GSM scale to determine weight.
- Calculate GSM - Multiply the sample weight (in grams) by 100 to get GSM.
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Fabric air permeability tester
Fabric Air Permeability Tester
Fabric air permeability tester
- Accurate Breathability Measurement - Precisely measures how breathable a fabric is, essential for comfort and performance.
- Supports Quality Control - Ensures consistent air permeability in fabric batches, critical for products like PPE, sportswear, and filters.
- Enhances Product Design - Helps in selecting or engineering fabrics with the right airflow properties for specific uses.
- Standard Compliance - Conforms to international testing standards (e.g., ASTM D737, ISO 9237), ensuring global credibility.
- Quick and Reliable Testing - Provides rapid results, increasing lab efficiency and production decision-making speed.
- Wide Material Compatibility - Suitable for woven, nonwoven, knitted fabrics, and even paper or coated materials.
- Improves Functional Performance - Helps optimize products for ventilation, moisture control, and thermal comfort.
- Reduces Product Failure - Identifies underperforming fabrics early, minimizing risks in high-performance applications.
- Digital Display - Shows air permeability readings clearly in units like L/m²/s or cm³/cm²/s.
- Precise Test Head/Clamp - Provides an airtight seal to prevent air leakage and ensure accurate results.
- Adjustable Pressure Settings - Allows testing under various pressure drops (e.g., 10–2500 Pa), depending on fabric type.
- Automatic Airflow Measurement - Built-in sensors or flow meters capture airflow rate automatically for quick analysis.
- Multiple Test Area Sizes - Interchangeable test plates to match different sample sizes and standard requirements.
- Data Logging and Export - Some models include USB or software connectivity for storing and exporting test results.
- Standard Compliance - Conforms to ASTM D737, ISO 9237, BS 5636, DIN 53887, etc.
- Robust Construction - Built with corrosion-resistant materials and durable components for long-term lab use.
- Low Maintenance - Simple cleaning and calibration process for reliable performance.
- Compact and User-Friendly Design - Ideal for lab benches and easy operation with minimal training.
- Prepare the Sample - Cut the fabric sample to the required size (usually circular, e.g., 20 cm²).
- Mount the Sample - Place the fabric securely in the test clamp or holder, ensuring no wrinkles or gaps.
- Set Test Parameters - Adjust the air pressure drop according to the fabric type or standard (e.g., 100 Pa).
- Start the Test - Turn on the air supply and start the airflow through the fabric.
- Read the Measurement - The digital display will show the air permeability value in the selected units.
- Record the Results - Note the readings or export data if the device supports it.
- Repeat if needed - Test multiple samples or areas for accuracy and average the results.
- Clean and Maintain - After testing, clean the clamp and ensure the device is calibrated regularly.
r Permeability Tester
Appliance Range
It is used to TEST the air permeability of various textile fabrics, including industrial fabrics, nonwoven fabrics and other textile products and other breathable materials.
Related Standards
GB / T 5453, GB / T 13764, ISO 9237, ISO 5636, ASTM D737, etc.
Instrument characteristics
1. Automatic sample clamping, automatic nozzle replacement, and quick test.
2. Microcomputer processing, the test results are displayed directly, without manual table calculation;
3. Built-in continuous test mode, the test unit can be switched as needed.
4. Chinese LCD menu operation, configure computer interface.
Technical parameter
1. Range of sample pressure difference: 1 ～ 4000Pa
2. Measurable air permeability: 1 ～ 40,000mm / s
3. Measurement error: ≤ ± 2%
4. Measurable fabric thickness: ≤8mm
5. Test area: 5cm2; 20cm2; 50cm2; 100cm2
Ф50mm (≈19.6cm2)
Ф70mm (≈38.5cm2)
6. Nozzles: 11 in total (automatic replacement of digital setting)
CODE 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10
DIAφ（mm）
0.8 1.2 2 3 4 6 8 10 12 16 20
7.Data Capacity:≤200 times tests
8.Power Supply：AC220V 50Hz 2KW
9.Weight：80Kg
10.Shape：1250×700×1250mm 
Color Matching Cabinet-Light Box
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Fabric flame retardant tester
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Fabric Flame Retardant Tester
- Sample Preparation: A fabric specimen is cut to specified dimensions and conditioned as per standard requirements.
- Mounting: The sample is mounted vertically or at a specified angle in the testing chamber.
- Ignition: A controlled flame is applied to the fabric for a predetermined time.
- Observation: The tester records ignition time, flame spread, after-flame time, and afterglow time.
- Evaluation: Results are compared against standard criteria to determine compliance.
- Prepare the Sample
- Mount the Sample
- Set Up the Burner Position the burner at the required angle (usually 90° for vertical tests).
- Ignite the Flame - Apply the flame to the bottom edge of the fabric for 12 seconds.
- Observe and Measure - Start timing when flame is applied.
- Record the Results
- Compare with Standards
burning of flammable textile materials after ignition.
(specific ignition nozzles and sample holders can be customized to meet multiple criteria).
Related standards
GB/T14644 ASTM D1230 CFR1610 etc.
Technical parameters
1. The spread of time:0 ~ 999.9S resolution 0.1S
2. The temperature inside the box shows:Room temperature -99 degrees C resolution 1 c
3. Igniting time:1S
4. Type of igniter:4 1/2 syringe
5. Sample clip size:Outer frame:204mm * 78mm inner frame:152mm×38mm
6. Distance from the top of the igniter to the sample surface:8mm
7. Studio size and outline size
Studio size:370mm×220mm×350mm
Outline size:375mm×245mm×478mm
8. Power supply:AC220V 50Hz 20W
9. Weight:18Kg
Martindale abrasion tester Updated
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Latest Update 1 A+
- Clothing sample weight hammer:397±2g Furniture decoration sample weight hammer:597±2g C. Stainless steel discs:260±1g
- Effective friction diameter of grinding block: Type A 198g(3kpa) friction head 28.8-0.084mm Type B 155g(1.52N) friction head 90-0.10mm 6. Relative velocity of gripper and grinding table:50 + 2R / MI (20-70r / min adjustable) 7. Sampling hammer quality:2385±10g 8. Shape size:870×580×300mm 9. power supply:AC220V 50Hz 500W 10.Weight:73KG.
- [Standard accessories] Items and specifications Qty Notes Main machine 1Power cable 1A type 198g Friction head 9 B type 155g(1.52N) Friction head 9 597g Hammer 9 397g Hammer 9, 666666666 260g Stainless steel disc 9, 2385g Holding hammer 1,B Friction head felt 18 ￠90mm Steel ball 6, Rubber ring 18, Inner Hexagonal Wrench 1
- Sampler 1, Fuse 2 3A, Standard felt 18, Weight:750±50g/m2, Thickness:2.5±0.5mm, Standard foam lining 40, Density:0.03g/cm3,Thickness:3mm,Standard abrasive 9 Circular shear template Each φ140mm、φ38mm,Small screw knife 1, Bottom foot 4
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true burst
- Available with automatic test strip feeder Measurements are simple to make with the Mullen type Bursting Strength Tester. Fast automatic measurements Measurement starts automatically once a test piece has been placed in the measuring gap. The clamping foot descends, and a bursting strength measurement is made.
- Bursting pressure can reach up to 1.2MPa 5. The maximum burst and expansion degree can reach 70mm. 6. Strengthen the lighting system on the test surface. 7. The main aerodynamic force helps to clamp the sample system. 8. A variety of test areas are available, and the switching is easy.
- A variety of unit conversions between Chinese and English. 10. Reliable anti-pinch safety protection design. [Technical parameter]: 1. Test range: (0～1)Mpa (the range above 1Mpa needs to be customized) 2. The minimum graduation value: 0.0001Mpa 3. Pressurization mode: direct pressurization, timing pressurization, and expansion degree pressurization.
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Spray Rating Tester
- Quick and Simple Evaluation - Offers a fast way to assess fabric water repellency without complex setup.
- Standardized Testing- Complies with AATCC 22 and ISO 4920, ensuring globally accepted results.
- Cost-Effective- Low maintenance and no power requirement make it economical for routine lab use.
- Improves Fabric Performance - Helps manufacturers develop or improve water-resistant textiles.
- Non-Destructive Test - Does not damage the fabric, allowing for additional tests on the same sample.
- Visual Grading- Easy to interpret using a standard spray rating chart (0 to 100 scale).
- Supports Quality Control - Detects finish degradation or variation in water-repellent treatments.
- Portable and Compact- Lightweight design allows easy use in various lab or field settings.
- Standardized Spray Nozzle - Delivers consistent water spray per AATCC and ISO specifications.
- 45° Specimen Mounting Angle - Ensures uniform test setup for accurate and repeatable results.
- Stainless Steel or Aluminum Frame - Corrosion-resistant and durable for long-term use with water exposure.
- Water Reservoir and Funnel System - Provides precise water volume (usually 250 ml) for each test.
- Graduated Spray Stand- Fixed height (150 mm above specimen) for controlled spray impact.
- Detachable Specimen Holder- Easy loading and removal of fabric samples.
- Compact and Lightweight Design - Portable and convenient for both lab and field testing.
- No Electricity Required - Fully manual operation increases reliability and reduces operating costs.
- Prepare the Sample - Cut fabric to standard size (usually 180 × 180 mm). - Condition the sample if required (21°C, 65% RH for 24 hours).
- Mount the Fabric - Place the fabric on the specimen holder at a 45° angle.
- Fill the Reservoir - Pour 250 ml of distilled water into the upper funnel.
- Start the Test - Release the water through the nozzle; it sprays over the fabric for about 25–30 seconds.
- Inspect the Fabric - After spraying, visually assess the water beading or penetration on the surface.
- Rate the Sample - Compare the fabric’s wetting pattern with the standard spray rating chart: - 100 = No sticking/wetting - 90–50 = Partial wetting - 0 = Complete wetting
- Record the Rating - Document the spray rating for quality control or reporting.
Spray Reting Tester
[Scope of application]:
Used for the determination of moisture resistance (wetting grade) of various fabrics
which have been or have not been treated with water resistance or water repellency.
[related standards]:
GB/T4745 ISO4920 AATCC22 JISL1092 etc.
[technical parameters]:
1. Glass funnel:150 x 150 (capacity 500ml)
2. Specimen placement angle:The level is 45 degrees.
3. Distance from nozzle to sample center:150mm
4. Specimen diameter:Ф150mm
5. Size of water receiving pan:500×400×30mm
6. Matching measuring cups:500ml
7, size 500 x 400 x 500mm
8. Instrument weight:5Kg 
